Thursday, December 26, 2019

Peter Family Guy Quotes

You just have to read the best quotes from Peter of ​​Family Guy. Peter is definitely the funniest character of the show. Here are his funny quips and remarks. Peter: ...Lois comes up to me wanting to know if she can get a job, and I was like: I got a job for you right here [points at his crotch]... this zippers been broken for weeks, Ive had to use a safety pin.Peter: NOOOO! Silly rabbit, Trix are for kids. Damn Longears, trying to take Easter away from Jesus. Anyway, what was that you were saying?Police Officer: Hey. Thats Against the law. Youre coming with me.Peter: [singing to the tune of U Cant Touch this] Ah ah ah. Cant Touch Me/ Cant Touch me/ Ja ja ja ja just like the bad guy/ from Lethal Weapon 2/ Ive got diplomatic Immunity/ so Hammer, you cant sue/ I can write graffiti even jay-walk in the streets/ I can Riot, loot, not give a hoot, and touch your sisters teat/ Cant touch me/ Cant touch me/Joe Swanson: What in gods name is he doing?Peter: Cant touch me.Cleveland: I believe its the worm.Peter: [still singing] Cant touch me/ STOP, Peter time/ Im a big shot, theres no doubt/ light a fire then pee it out/ Dont like it, kiss my rump/ Just for a minute, lets all do the bump/ Cant touch me/ Yeah, do the Peter Griffin Bump/ Cant touch me/ Im Presidential Peter/ Interns think Im hot/ Dont care if youre handicapped, Ill still park in your spot/ Ive been around the world/ from Hartford to Back Bay/ Its Peter, Go Peter, Im so Peter, Yo Peter, Lets see Regis rap this way/ Cant touch me.Peter: Listen Lois, I know youre a feminist and I think thats adorable, but this is grown-up time and Im the man.[Brian has just peed on a Supermarket floor.]Peter: Jeez Brian, where do you think you are, Payless?Peter: Wow, is that really the blood of Christ?Preacher: Yes, it is.Peter: Holy crap, that guy mustve been wasted 24 hours a day.Peter: Oh, and sorry about that comment earlier. I have that disease that makes you swear involuntarily. Sonofabitch. Sonofabitch. Sonofabitch. See?Peter: So if I accidentally walk through you, does that mean that weve, you know, done it?Ghost: Geez, whats with you and the gay jokes?Peter: Im looking fo r some toilet training books.Salesman: We have the popular everybody poops, or the less popular nobody poops but you.Peter: Well, you see, were catholic...Salesman: Ah, then youll want youre a naughty, naughty boy, and thats concentrated evil coming out the back of you.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Capitalism And The Industrial Revolution - 778 Words

According to Thomas L. Friedman, author of The World is Flat, the concept of globalization happened in three eras. The first era occurred 1492 until 1800 with the age of exploration and discovery. Globalization 2.0 followed, lasting 1800-2000. It was characterized by the Industrial Revolution. The third era of globalization began in the year 2000, and occurs to this day (Friedman, year, p.8). But the real question is, what sparked the rise of globalization? The term is modern, but the concept is not. Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution played a huge part in the development of industrial cities and globalization. The need of goods that cannot be produced everywhere sparked trade and exploration, and with that came capitalism and the rise of technology as well. Surplus of products led to a population growth, and technological advances led to trade. The world was being utilized for economic growth. With globalization 2.0 came the industrial revolution, and a huge economic time for the United States. More trade and technological advancements and inventions helped people and products prosper. Transportation in the form of trains and steam engines grew the economy and industrial cities rapidly. Multinational corporations led to new immigrants, and thus diversifying populations. Unemployment rates decreased with the demand of jobs that needed to be filled. Everything could be accomplished faster than ever before. The population of the United States doubled and evenShow MoreRelatedCapitalism and the Industrial Revolution Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was arguably the most important turning point in history. 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Monday, December 9, 2019

Prediction Errors and the Origin of Neuro-Chemical

Question: Discuss about thePrediction Errors and the Origin of Neuro-Chemical. Answer: Introduction The Human capability to perceive structure and the ability to have future predictions in the world is a remarkable feat that evolution has bestowed upon. This can be explained through the nature of neuro-chemical prediction error. According to Kiper and Fellow Scholars (2016), the nature of prediction error is a crucial concept of understanding how decision making and learning happen within our brains. Concerning our various experiences and reactions, it is natural for the brain to predict what may be the next response regarding a certain stimulus (Hands, 2016). Hence, being a build response that a brain adopts due to a regular response concerning certain response. However, in situations or stimulus of actual signal being different from the known rather expected stimulus, then this leads to a prediction error. The error of prediction has a positive response to the brain, since it is used to teach the brain the manner of response in a better and updated way (Aboitiz Cosmelli, 2012). Concerning the change of stimulus, the essay will entirely involve into analyzing the prediction error and the manner in which their neurochemical origins are studied. Analysis According to Penner Mizumori (2012), the activation like hood estimation (ALE) Meta-analysis is applied in examining the neural correlates of prediction error in reinforcement learning. From the ALE analysis tool, the findings are interpreted in the light of current computational models of action selection and learning (Glimcher, 2015). As stated by Kilburn, Thrasher, Gray (2010) the prediction error largely hinders the natural rate of learning. Prediction errors Is a very useful concept especially to neuroscientists. It helps in understanding how learning processes and the process of making fundamental decisions take place in brain. Brain usually takes part in transmission of signals to various parts of organs within the body tissues. It usually anticipates what will happen upon being triggered by various stimulations or in accordance to various situations. Prediction error usually result when the actual signal expected is very different or in contrast to the signal actually expec ted. It is therefore a very useful concept in preparing the brain how to respond better upon triggered with certain signals. The knowledge is also very useful in studying neural processing. This will enable the brain system compare and differentiate from what was actually expected and what has happened in regard to various neurotransmission processes. According to Kilbum et al (2010), to understand this process better it was essential to come up with the computational neuroscience techniques to understand neural transmission of the brain to other organs, which assists to understand better the neural functioning. Apparently, Glimcher (2015) asserts that the conceptual understanding of the prediction error is very useful to neuroscientists to help them view the brain in predictive turns, which impacts the behavior of rationality in every individual. The brain is like a computer model it codes our action, thoughts and likely to predict the psychological behavior of diverse personalities (Forati Sabouni 2015). Moreover the prediction error method helps us to better understand the various processes within the environment to suit the understanding of different behavioral character traits; in respect to the complex biological processes and simulations (Domnguez Gmez 2014). Most individuals learn more swiftly about cues for which they usually marked incorrect predictions incomparable to which their prior predictions are accurate. According to Anticevic, Repovs, and Krystal (2014), the error associated conditions or environments ted to attract more attention as observed by the features of event related scalp potentials that are previously implicated within the selective visual attention. As from Aboitiz and Cosmelli (2012)s research, under the prediction error minimization, an individuals brain always seeks to diminish its prediction error. It usually minimizes the disparity between its predictions concerning the sensory input and the sensory input. Reward plays a very significant role in behavior of individual. Dopamine response represents a very essential component in underling basic processes and also error-driven causes for the reward. The probability of signal error to exist proves that error-driven learning by ability to demonstrate their implement ation in the hardware of the neuron (Zerach Kanat-Maymon 2016). The ability to have a neuronal correlate for a positive reward prediction error in our brain cells validate the reasons scholars and individuals seek for greater rewards, which is a psychological behavioral trait, which beneficial enhances the surviving completion in processes related to evolution (Richard Martin 2012). But at the same time usually result into generation of frustration of an individual, and stir societal inequalities that make well-being of an individual threatened in respect to the social status. Prediction Error in the Neurotransmitter System Principally, according to Zerach Kanat-Maymon (2016), prediction error has various mismatches between a prior expectations and the actual resulting reaction. However, as stated by Farahany (201), the prior expectations are based on an agents model of the world that is partially hard-wired in the structure of neural circuits which is partly derived from statistical regularities within the sensory inputs which the agent experiences over a lifetime. Also according to Furey Drevets (2013), the PE signals a deviation of the brains present state on the predicted results based on the present world model and calls for an update. A continues exposure and continues reactions and change of conditions will eventually alter the prior expectations, even when such similar expectations are the feedbacks of the lifetime of experience such as the prior (Cicchetti, 2015). Neuroanthropology process theory has become a cored part of how scientist understand reward; learning and the concept rather idea is transferred to various types of neural processing, all supported o the basic concept that the information being derived for the various discrepancy between what is required rather expected and the reality that happens can help make the brain be a better in predicting (Peter M. Todd, 2012). Types of Predictions Errors Conventionally, there exist various types of prediction errors: perceptual prediction errors, cognitive prediction errors, and motivational prediction errors. Onur and Piefke (2011) elaborates that, perceptual prediction errors are one of the primary and robust paradigms on demonstrating the neural responses to unexpected conditions in the oddball paradigm. Farahany (2015) asserts that, the perceptual prediction error, the presentation of a deviant oddball results from a sequence of repeated standard stimuli that elicit larger neutral activity over the sensory regions. However, according to Schultz (2011), the nature of perceptual PE Responses can be disconnected from any associated concepts like adoptions and stimulus-driven attention through the omission paradigms. On the other hand, under the cognitive prediction errors, the cortical regions that are mostly as part of the sensory processing stream, are not considered as one of the sensory stream, however, instead they function on a higher order representations. There also exists the motivational prediction error. As explained by Schultz (2011), the sensory and the higher order cognitive PEs elaborated above show only a single aspect of the mismatch between a prediction and the general outcome, namely the size of this mismatch. For the motivational prediction errors, in a perspective of perceptual inference, a given outcome /feedback can be more or less surprising, but it can turn to be never worse or better than it would be expected. Is because, motivational prediction errors consists of PEs which rarely reflect the valence of the outcome but simply the surprise engendered by this outcome are habitually called as the |unsigned PEs. How to Conduct Research on Neuro-Chemical Origin Researching on the relationship between neural systems and the chemical codes has become increasingly achievable by the application of neuro imaging techniques in capturing the brains activity before, during and even after it experiences a chemical challenge such as tryptophan depletion (Robin Honey, 2016). Forati Sabouni (2015) narrates that, such an experimental approach has been a great success in confirming directly that depletion of monoamines within the brains is directly related to the lowering mood. In addition according to Zhang, Pi, Song, Liu (2016), a neuro-Chemical origin is a research that cannot be accomplished specifically from the human brain but the application of experimental animals. In fulfilling the neurochemical research origin, one need to focus on substantial concentrations such as serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), that is very comparable to the similar tissues within the human brain tissues (Slack, 2011). This would include using ani mals with small peil vessels such as cats, rabbits or rats. This is because the both animals pial vessels highly have the capability of providing vessels which exhibit a high-affinity uptake process with kinetic parameters that tend to be similar to those located within the cerebral cortex (Rolls, 2011). From the rats piel vessels variety of pharmacological manipulations can be carried out. This would involve a systematic administration of the rats piel vessels 5-HT precursor, its monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-hydroxytryptophan and pargyline (Bertram Katzung Trevor, 2014). Another important primary monoamine, noradrenaline, has also been researched by the use of tests and depletion studies with same results. Indeed by reducing both 5-HT and Noradrenaline can result in depression in those predisposed. The studies, which have been made of neurochemical origin, have been based on the key areas of the frontal cortex that is rich in serotonin. For instance, it through the area that it would be identified that the chemical originated when those with most susceptible to poor functioning when individuals are dysphonic about themselves (Richard J. Martin A., 2012). On the other hand based on various techniques and methods of studying, and analyzing neuro-chemical transmitter dynamics in the brain Rolls (2011) states that post mortem analyses can be applicable. Through the processes the process can analyzed by the steady state conditions, transmitter content, the transmitter metabolites, the nature of conversion of radio labeled precursors to a transmitter, and via the transmitter enzymes. The nature of neuro chemical origin can also be explained by the aid positron emission tomography and by gene expression. For instance, under the gene expression, the nature of interaction of a transmitter in conjunction with its receptor can result to a cascade f different biochemical conditions within the intracellular compartment of the postsynaptic neuron. Discussion Prediction errors are just a central nation within the theoretical models of cognition, reinforcements learning, decision making and perceptual inference (Domnguez Gmez, 2014). As observed from Martinetz (2016)s analysis of the effects of prediction error it can be concluded rather stated that prediction error is a crucial error rather an important response to the general function and predicting of the brain (Martha E. Shenton Turetsky, 2013). This is because, it through the process of prediction error that the brain would be able to have accuracy and improved in its prediction. Prediction error according to (Kim Perry, 2017), can be likened to prediction engine a crucial error that enables the brains to have a better way of predicting. The prediction error is generated. Conventionally, Dopamine stimulation gives forth learning to learning processes and behavioral approach (Furey Drevets 2013). Upon encountering a better than reward that was predicted result into stimulation of dopamine neurons. Therefore the dopamine stimulation as of a natural reward may directly impact on behavioral learning (Peter Todd 2012). Every time there is a reward the response of our dopamine neuron impact on our behavioral changes (Kiper et al 2016). There is an instance of activation, which is as result of positive dopamine response to positive prediction errors. Dopamine activation usually takes place when we get more reward than what we actually expected. To get same prediction error requires the same dopamine stimulation requires acquiring big reward ever time (Zhang et al 2016). The dopamine prediction error belongs to a process whereby we develop drive for wanting more reward. This may outline why we continue to seek for higher r ewards but we are never satisfied with whatever we have within our ranks, this mainly because we have gotten used to whatever we have (Hands 2016). There only a more improved form of what we have like acquiring a new phone, would lead to a desirable dopamine response. Brain plays a major role in intersecting various stimuli. The impulses flow from the brain form the Central nervous system unto to the region requiring action (Martha Turetsky 2013).Thereby resulting in our behavioral changes. Conclusion From various studies, it can be observed and be concluded that the prediction error has been an effective manner in which rains have been adapting the new responses. This has been effective towards having a change in response. However, the prediction theory has been both crucial and sometimes overused. This is because sometimes it may not provide a crucial mechanism of learning. On the other hand, the nature of its computational approach has still reduced the brains ability to being a computer rather than an embodied entity. References Aboitiz, F., Cosmelli, i. (2012). From Attention to Goal-Directed Behavior: Neurodynamical, Methodological and Clinical Trends.London: Springer Science Business Media. Anticevic, A., Repovs, G., Krystal, J. H. (2014). International Neuromodulation Society 12th World Congress Neuromodulation: Medicine Evolving Through Technology June 6-11, 2015 Montreal, Canada.Schizophrenia Research, 141 (1), 8-14. Bertram, K Trevor, A. (2014). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 13 E.New Jersey: McGraw Hill Professional. Cicchetti, D. (2015). Developmental Psychopathology, Developmental Neuroscience.New York: John Wiley Sons. Domnguez, S Gmez, T. (2014). Beyond the borders: The gates and fences of Neuroimmune interaction.Washington, DC: Frontiers E-books. Farahany, N. (2015). Neuroscience and behavioral genetics in US criminal law: an empirical analysis. Journal of Law the Biosciences, 11 (1), 485-509. Forati, E., Sabouni. (2015). Neurotransmitter Specific, Cellular-Resolution Functional Brain Mapping Using Receptor Coated Nanoparticles: Assessment of the Possibility.PLoS ONE., 10 (12), 1-13. Furey, M. L., Drevets. (2013). Potential of Pretreatment Neural Activity in the Visual Cortex During Emotional Processing to Predict Treatment Response to Scopolamine in Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry,, 70 (3), 280-290,. Glimcher, P. W. (2015). Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward Prediction Error Signal, Psychology of science, 47 (1), 129141. Hands, J. (2016). Cosmosapiens: Human Evolution from the Origin of the Universe.Hoboken: The Overlook Press. Kilburn, K. H., Thrasher, J. D., Gray, M. R. (2010). Low-level hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system dysfunction. Toxicology Industrial Health, 26 (7), 387-405. Kim, J. H., Perry, C. J. (2017). Review: Postnatal development of neurotransmitter systems and their relevance to extinction of conditioned fear. MCCS 2017, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 138, 252-270. Kiper, P., Szczudlik, A., Venneri, A., Stozek, J., Luque-Moreno, C., Opara, J., et al. (2016). Review article: Computational models and motor learning paradigms: Could they provide insights for neuroplasticity after stroke? An overview.Journal of the Neurological Sciences., 369, 141-148. Martha, S, Turetsky, B. I. (2013). Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from Neuroimaging.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Martinetz, S. (2016). MicroRNA's impact on neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems: small but mighty mediators of anxiety. Pflugers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology., 468 (6), 1061. Onur, . A., Piefke, M. (2011). Modulatory Effects of Levodopa on Cognitive Control in Young but not in Older Subjects: A Pharmacological fMRI Study.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience., 23 (10), 2797-2810. Penner, M. R., Mizumori, S. J. (2012). Neural systems analysis of decision making during goal-directed navigation.Progress in Neurobiology., 96 (1), 96-135. Peter M. Todd, T (2012). Cognitive Search: Evolution, Algorithms, and the Brain.New Jersey: MIT Press,. Richard, J Martin A. (2012). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant.Bolton: Elsevier Health Sciences. Robin, A Honey, C. (2016). The Wiley Handbook on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Learning.New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Rolls, E. (2011). Emotion Explained.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schultz, W. (2011). Reward signals. 2 (6), 2184. Slack, C. B. (2011). Psychiatric Annals, Volume 21, Issues 1-6. Zerach, G., Kanat-Maymon, Y. (2016). Research report: The role of fathers' psychopathology in the intergenerational transmission of captivity trauma: A twenty three-year longitudinal study.Journal of Affective Disorders, 3(5), 190, :84-92. Zhang, Y., Pi, Z., Song, F., Liu, Z. (2016). Ginsenosides attenuate d-galactose- and AlCl3-inducedspatial memory impairment by restoring the dysfunction of the neurotransmitter systems in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2(194), 188-195

Monday, December 2, 2019

Review Of William Grieder Essays - Group Of Thirty, Paul Volcker

Review Of William Grieder Executive Summary: The Choice of Wall Street From Secrets of the Temple, by William Greider The Choice of Wall Street, is the title of the first chapter in William Greiders 1987 book, Secrets of The Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country. This chapter is basically the story of how and why Paul Volcker was chosen to be the new Federal Reserve Chairman. It all started in 1979 when President Jimmy Carter took a trip to Camp David with his most trusted advisers, the purpose of which was to decide on the course of action that needed to be taken to regain popular support so that he had a chance to win the upcoming Presidential election. All of his advisers understood that the economy was his most pressing issue. Inflation was incredibly high and all attempts to curb it had been useless. The Fed Chairman position was open and Carter needed to find someone strong to fill it. The Fed was supposed to be an entity that was separate from political persuasion. However, many Presidents select chairmen that they think they will have some control over. This is what makes Carters ultimate choice so interesting. After going over all of the candidates Carter ended up choosing Paul Volcker. Volcker, as most knew was a very independent person. He would not be the puppet of any President. Carter understood this quite well, but still thought that Volcker would be able to get a handle on inflation. Many said that Carter sacrificed his reelection to the Fed. This may or may not be true. What is true, however, is that Volcker did help to slow down inflation and get the economy back on track. The problem that the American people saw that President Carter did not see was that Volcker did this by helping out Wall Street and not Main Street. Greider conveys many different points in this first chapter. This paper will analyze three of the most important. - The competition between Wall Street, Main Street, and Pennsylvania Avenue. - The impact of inflation on wealth and income. - Indecision about the appointment of Paul Volcker. The interaction between Wall Street, Main Street, and Pennsylvania Avenue can be a confusing one. Many times Pennsylvania Avenue, The Fed, has to make decisions that will either have a positive effect on Wall Street, the investment markets and its wealthy shareholders, or Main Street, individuals without large market investments. Also, many times the group that is not positively affected is negatively affected. As Greider stated they are many times at odds with each other. This occurs, because if The Fed helps out Wall Street they are only helping out the top 10 percent of the population. This is true because these people held 86 percent of the financial wealth according to Greider. By helping out this group The Fed was in effect making it more difficult for the other 90 percent of the people. However, if The Fed only worries about Main Street, Wall Street will be hurt. It may seem quite simple that The Fed should worry more about Main Street than Wall Street. The problem that arises is that Wall Street is where most of the money is and therefore cannot be ignored. Ignoring Wall Street effectively ignores much of the nations wealth and economic growth sources. As can be seen, the line that The Fed must walk between watching out for Wall Street and Main Street is a very important one. These are the reasons that The Fed is shielded so heavily from political influence. Another point that Greider makes in this chapter pertains to inflation and its real and perceived effects on wealth and income. As is stated in the chapter, it is perceived that inflation hurts everyone in the economy. This, however, is not necessarily true. It can be said that inflation hurts those who have assets that are tied to interest rates. These people are hurt greatly when the spread between inflation and the interest rate tightens. This is why during high inflation times many of these people get out of these types of investments and go to less interest rate sensitive investments. Some examples of these are precious metals, real estate, and